About Me

In writing the "About Me" portion of this blog I thought about the purpose of the blog - namely, preventing the growth of Socialism & stopping the Death Of Democracy in the American Republic & returning her to the "liberty to abundance" stage of our history. One word descriptions of people's philosophies or purposes are quite often inadequate. I feel that I am "liberal" meaning that I am broad minded, independent, generous, hospitable, & magnanimous. Under these terms "liberal" is a perfectly good word that has been corrupted over the years to mean the person is a left-winger or as Mark Levin more accurately wrote in his book "Liberty & Tyranny" a "statist" - someone looking for government or state control of society. I am certainly not that & have dedicated the blog to fighting this. I believe that I find what I am when I consider whether or not I am a "conservative" & specifically when I ask what is it that I am trying to conserve? It is the libertarian principles that America was founded upon & originally followed. That is the Return To Excellence that this blog is named for & is all about.

Sunday, January 5, 2020

Retirement Investment Quiz

Below is a real life Retirement Investment Quiz that should be taken seriously by anyone, regardless of age, but especially those approaching retirement or are new to retirement or those who have retired in the last five years.
 
If you have been thinking about reviewing your retirement investment plans this post is particularly timely because academic research shows that January (or a birthday) is the best time for people to review their plans or make new goals – like New Year's resolutions – & that the more specific & realistic the goals are the better the chances of keeping them & improving your life – like considering the points covered in the background below to the subject quiz & the questions themselves.
 
I know from talking to readers that people are confronting the situation discussed in the background below to the subject quiz & shown on the two graphics that follow. 
 
Please respond with as much detail as you can letting me know your answers to the questions in the subject quiz below which provides a good opportunity for everyone to learn from & respond to your comments.  You don't have to answer every question.  A good interchange of ideas is the goal.
 
I will post all reasonably correct answers or alternatively will send my solution privately to anyone who requests it for any of the questions in the quiz.
 
click on graphic to enlarge
 
The above graphic shows the danger of being fully invested in stocks @ retirement, like in the S&P 500 which is currently near an all time high, & how diversifying your portfolio to include 40% or 70% allocations of bonds with the rest in stocks mitigates this danger.  
 
The three simulations represented in the above curves each start with someone retiring in 2000 – a year designed to show the effect of a sharp decline shortly after retirement.  The double whammy of a sharp market decline while simultaneously taking withdrawals, & increasing them to account for inflation to help make ends meet, has scared many people into going back to work.
 
Someone retiring in 2000 fully invested in the S&P 500 found their hypothetical $500,000 initial portfolio valued @ less than $300,000, after the withdrawals specified on the graphic, just three short years after retirement – very scary indeed.  By 2019 the remaining value had dropped below $200,000 & of course the retiree is nineteen years older than when he retired & less likely to want to go back to work – if they can find a job.
 
Meanwhile the two portfolios with the above mentioned bond allocations went through the same downturns, just like the all stock portfolio but not as sharply, & are both currently valued more than twice as high as the all stock portfolio with the 70% bond allocation portfolio valued @ $508,000 – more than the initial value in nominal dollars, even after 4% annual withdrawals that included 3% annual compound inflation increases for the withdrawals for 18 years.
 
A word to the wise should be sufficient – it took more than 25 years for the Dow Jones Industrial Average to surpass its pre-Depression peak (1929 to 1954).  The DJIA first closed above 1,000 on November 14, 1972 & just two years later on December 6, 1974 it closed @ 577.60.
 
There have been plenty of rocky starts for retirees who were 100% invested in stocks & people retiring in November 1972 or January 2000, fully invested in stocks, are examples of them as shown by the above statistics.
 
The Nasdaq Composite Index, consisting of about 2,700 companies, is currently 9,000, near an all time high – but stalled starting in March 2000 falling far below the 5,000 level for 15 years before resuming its upward climb.  It is a very good chance that many people invested in the stock market were affected.
 
The other side of the coin is young people saving for retirement who have time on their side – these people will find investing in stocks quite beneficial if given enough time, patience,  discipline, & courage.  The above Nasdaq Composite Index account is a good example of why someone new to retirement should be knowledgeable of asset allocation & someone in their twenties & thirties, dollar cost averaging 10% of their gross income every year, has time to watch the market play out.
 
The following graphic shows that a 20 year older, now 70, who invested $1,000 in the S&P 500 on January 1, 1970 saw that initial investment grow to $138,908 on August 31, 2019 if they never touched the investment. 
 
 click on graphic to enlarge
 
The above graphic shows the importance of someone in the asset accumulation stage of their life staying invested.  Missing just the best day in the market during the almost 50 year time span shown on the above graphic reduced the growth of the investment by over $14,000 & missing the best 25 days reduced the growth by over $106,000.  Wow.
 
The men I used to buy gasoline from in the 1980s often told me of stocks they bought in the 1930s & 1940s that realized growth like that shown on the above graphic – much of which came from dividend growth.  Their philosophy was to buy while young & hold forever – but that gets us into stepped up basis for heirs & estate planning & the trade off of a market decline like that shown on the top graphic, or worse, versus paying capital gains taxes @ a market peak & reallocating the after-tax portfolio - which is beyond the scope of this post & doesn't even tangentially touch the point of the subject quiz.
 
Retirement Investment Quiz
 
Part A – Top Graphic – Better Safer Than Sorry, Three Allocations Of Withdrawals Following The 4% Rule
 
1.  Is the balance in someone's portfolio who stayed fully invested in stocks from 2000 to 2019, before taking inflation into account, more or less than 40% of the original value of the portfolio in 2000?  Is it more or less in 2019 than 40% of the original value of the portfolio after taking inflation into account?
 
2.  What is the amount of the initial withdrawal in 2000 for any of the three scenarios?
 
3.  What is the amount of the withdrawal in 2019 for a retiree who made an initial 4% withdrawal in 2000 & continued it every year thereafter including 3% compound annual inflation increases to protect the original purchasing power of the initial withdrawal?
 
4.  Actual inflation from 2000 to 2019 was an annual compound rate of 2% - a figure that is less than the 3% used in the graphic to account for inflation of each subsequent withdrawal after the first withdrawal.  Does a person who retired in 2000, invested in 30% stocks & 70%  bonds, have more or less real inflation adjusted purchasing power remaining in their portfolio in 2019 than they did when they retired based on the actual 2% inflation rate?  Please explain your answer.
 
Part B – Bottom Graphic – Hypothetical Growth Of $1,000 Invested In U.S. Stocks In 1970
 
1.  True or false:  Most of the growth of an investment that continuously doubles over time, without ever falling in value, increases most dramatically the first years of growth.
 
2.  Given the information from the CPI Inflation Calculator below provided by the Minneapolis Fed:  The portion of the growth from $1,000 to $138,908 in nominal dollars that is made up by inflation is A) less than $30,000, B) $30,001 to $60,000, C) $60,001 to $90,000, or D) more than $100,000?
 
 click on graphic to enlarge
 
3.  The difference between the compound annual rate of growth for the top return ($138,908) & the bottom return ($32,763) is closest to A) 1%, B) 10%, C) 15%, D) 25%, or E) 30%.
 
4.  Regarding Question #3: The difference between the real inflation adjusted compound annual rate of growth for the top return ($138,908) & the bottom return ($32,763) is closest to A) 1%, B) 10%, C) 15%, D) 25%, or E) 30%. 
 
5.  The past 20 years the average annual return on the S&P 500 has been 6.2% as the index moved to an all time high – source Glenn Ruffenach writing in the WSJ.  Is this rate of return greater than or less than the long term average for the S&P 500 over the past 50 years?
 
6.  What is the compound annual rate of growth for a $1,000 investment made in January 1970 that increased in value to $138,908 in August 2019?  What is the value of such an investment in constant 1970 dollars?
 

3 comments:

  1. Hi Doug,

    Happy new year to you and yours as well.


    I didn't give this the time i probably should have and i doubt i got all the answers because of the difficulty

    i had understanding some of the problems but here is what i came up with quickly.

    Part A

    1).Less and Less

    2). All three would be 20k.

    3). Approximately $16,500.00

    4). Less... they were withdrawing 4% , got 3% compounded, but inflation was 2%...so they were down 1%.....not sure i understood this question though

    Part B

    1).False, would grow faster later in the process because there is more money to compound on.

    2). A

    3). A

    4). no clue here

    5).Less

    6). Approximately 10.6%

    ReplyDelete
  2. Sorry my portfolio is empty.

    ReplyDelete